Cytology in Gynecological Practice / Gynäkologische Vitalzytologie in der Praxis

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• Contents/Inhalt.
• 1 Development and Significance of Cytology for the Diagnosis of Carcinoma.
• 2 Technical Background.
• 2.1 The Principles of the Technique.
• 2.2 Design and Operation of the Phase-Contrast Microscope.
• 2.3 Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast.
• 3 Gynecological Applications of Cytology.
• 4 Examination Procedure.
• 5 Characteristics of Fresh Cells in Phase-Contrast Microscopy.
• 5.1 Single Cells.
• 5.1.1 Normal Squamous Epithelia.
• 5.1.2 Normal Columnar Epithelia.
• 5.1.3 Metaplastic Cells.
• 5.1.4 Dyskaryotic Cells.
• 5.1.5 Carcinoma Cells.
• 5.2 Diagnosis of Ovarian Function.
• 5.2.1 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle.
• 5.2.2 Pregnancy.
• 5.2.3 Diagnosis of Rupture of the Fetal Membranes.
• 5.2.4 Postmenopausal Smear.
• 5.2.5 Menstrual Cycle Anomalies.
• 5.2.6 The Effect of Hormone Treatment on the Vaginal Epithelium.
• 5.3 Microbiological Diagnosis.
• 5.3.1 Döderlein Bacilli (Lactobacilli).
• 5.3.2 Trichomonads.
• 5.3.3 Vaginal Mycoses.
• 5.3.4 Gardnerella Vaginalis.
• 5.3.5 Mixed Bacterial Flora.
• 5.3.6 Chlamydiae.
• 5.4 Search for Tumor Cells.
• 5.5 Secondary Findings.
• 5.5.1 Leukocytes.
• 5.5.2 Erythrocytes.
• 5.5.3 Histiocytes.
• 5.5.4 Muscle and Connective Tissue Cells.
• 5.5.5 Spermatozoa.
• 5.5.6 Mucous Substances.
• 5.6 Secondary Changes in Cells.
• 5.6.1 Cytolysis.
• 5.6.2 Autolysis.
• 5.6.3 Atrophic Cell Cohesion.
• 5.7 Artifacts.
• 5.8 The Inadequate Smear.
• 6 References.
• Technical Illustrations.
• Cytological Illustrations.